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Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Cytomegalovirus retinitis, also known as CMV retinitis, is an inflammation of the retina of the eye that can lead to blindness. Caused by human cytomegalovirus, it occurs predominantly in people whose immune system has been compromised.
==Presentation==
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV or CMV) is a DNA virus in the family ''Herpesviridae'' known for producing large cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Such inclusions are referred to as the "owl's eye" effect.
CMV infects around 40% of the population worldwide, but in healthy adults it is usually controlled by the immune system. For people who are immunocompromised by diseases, transplants or chemotherapy, the virus is not adequately controlled and can cause damage to the eye and the rest of the body. HIV-positive people are most at risk, especially when the CD4 cell count is low. CMV commonly becomes reactivated and can cause systemic infection in immunocompromised people such as transplant patients or those infected by HIV.
It affects the eye in about 30% of the cases involving immunocompromised patients by causing damage to the retina. Symptoms can include blurred vision, eye pain, photophobia, redness, and blindness. It may affect just one eye at first, but then may spread to the other.
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